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Reference

A comprehensive, systematically organized collection of information such as a dictionary, encyclopedia, or almanac.

• National Center for Family Literacy
  Links in this website provide information about the literacy challenge in America, how family literacy programs work, and how parents can help their children learn. A link to a map of the United States provides descriptions of and location information for family literacy programs in various states.
• Text Comprehension Instruction
  This online article contains sections about scientifically-based research, metacognition, examples of question-answer relationships (text explicit, text implicit, and scriptal), and teaching students to use comprehension strategies.
• Family Literacy: An Annotated Bibliography: August 2000
  For those who seek to broaden their understanding of family literacy, this on-line annotated bibliography features sections on conceptual issues, program studies, practices, program descriptions, and curriculum and instruction. Sections on research, assessment, and program evaluation are also included.
• Vocabulary instruction
  This document contains definitions, how children learn vocabulary directly and indirectly, and types of vocabulary. A section on what does scientifically-based research tells us about vocabulary instruction is included.
• Phonemic Awareness: An Important Early Step in Learning to Read
  Sections of this on-line article include: What is Phonological/Phonemic Awareness?, Why Is It So Important? , Relation to the "Great Reading Wars," Teaching Methods, and References.
• Because Writing Matters
  Excerpted from the introduction of Because Writing Matters: Improving Student Writing in Our Schools by the National Writing Project and Carl Nagin (Jossey-Bass 2003).
• Family and Intergenerational Literacy in Multilingual Communities
  This article presents research that has informed family and intergenerational literacy work, policy initiatives that affect family literacy work, goals of family and intergenerational literacy programs, program design, and curricula for family literacy programs. The article concludes with promising directions for the future.
• The Importance of Automaticity and Fluency for Efficient Reading Comprehension
  This online article is reprinted with permission from the International Dyslexia Association quarterly newsletter, Perspectives. Its sections include definitions of key terms, ideas about relationships among fluency and other key elements of reading, and several figures.
• The Even Start Family Literacy Programs Statute, as of December 31, 2000
  Sections of the on-line statute include a statement of purpose, authorized programs, state programs, use of funds, program elements, and eligible participants. Subgrant, evaluation, and research issues are also addressed.
• Fluency: A Review of Developmental and Remedial Practices
  This online review includes the stages of reading development, contributions of automaticity and prosody to fluent reading, and a research review. Two appendixes include summaries of repeated reading studies and assisted reading studies.
• Literacy Instruction for English Language Learners: A Position Paper
  In addition to this on-line position paper, links at the bottom of the document connect to definitions of literacy, L2 teaching methods, and a literacy framework. This website is useful for both classroom and university instructors.
• What does it mean to be a struggling reader?
  The Wisconsin Literacy Education and Reading Network Source channel on struggling readers includes information on factors that may hinder reading acquisition and general suggestions for struggling readers. Strategies for helping struggling readers include summarizing; using story grammar, imagery, questions, and think alouds; and activating prior knowledge.
• FOCUS on Struggling Readers and Writers
  This International Reading Association site provides links to resources, publications, books and sample chapters, journal and newspaper articles, and position statements relating to various aspects of literacy teaching and learning.
• NCLE Fact Sheet:Family Literacy and Adult English Language Learners
  This on-line fact sheet presents trends and issues in family literacy along with ideas for best practice. References listed are both on-line and in text format.